> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://agno-v2.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# S3 Media Storage

> Demonstrates keeping media bytes out of the database.

Demonstrates keeping media bytes out of the database. AgentOS sends attached and generated files to S3 and persists only a MediaReference.

```python s3_media_storage.py theme={null}
"""
S3 Media Storage
================

Demonstrates keeping media bytes out of the database. AgentOS sends attached and
generated files to S3 and persists only a MediaReference.

Set AGNO_FILE_OUTPUT_S3_BUCKET to the destination bucket.

Prerequisites: OPENAI_API_KEY, AWS credentials, and pip install 'agno[s3]'
Run: .venvs/demo/bin/python cookbook/05_agent_os/02_databases/s3_media_storage.py
Try: Attach an image or CSV and ask about it, then ask the agent to generate a CSV
"""

import os

from agno.agent import Agent
from agno.db.sqlite import SqliteDb
from agno.media.storage.s3 import AsyncS3MediaStorage
from agno.models.openai import OpenAIResponses
from agno.os import AgentOS
from agno.tools.file import FileGenerationTools
from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv()

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Create Database and Media Storage
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

bucket = os.getenv("AGNO_FILE_OUTPUT_S3_BUCKET")
if not bucket:
    raise ValueError(
        "AGNO_FILE_OUTPUT_S3_BUCKET must be set to the destination S3 bucket"
    )

db = SqliteDb(db_file="tmp/agentos_media_storage.db")
storage = AsyncS3MediaStorage(
    bucket=bucket,
    region=os.getenv(
        "AWS_REGION"
    ),  # unset falls back to AWS_DEFAULT_REGION or ~/.aws/config
    prefix="agno/agentos/files/",
    presigned_url_expiry=3600,
)

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Create Agent
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

file_agent = Agent(
    id="media-storage-agent",
    name="Media Storage Agent",
    model=OpenAIResponses(id="gpt-5.5"),
    db=db,
    media_storage=storage,
    store_media=True,
    add_history_to_context=True,
    tools=[FileGenerationTools(all=True)],
    description="Analyze uploaded media and generate files stored in S3.",
    instructions=[
        "Read and answer questions about attached media and files.",
        "Use the appropriate file-generation tool when the user requests an output file.",
        "Always use a descriptive filename with the correct extension.",
        "Briefly explain what you read or generated.",
    ],
    markdown=True,
)

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Create AgentOS
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

agent_os = AgentOS(
    id="agentos-media-storage",
    name="AgentOS Media Storage",
    agents=[file_agent],
    db=db,
    media_storage=storage,
)
app = agent_os.get_app()

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Run AgentOS
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if __name__ == "__main__":
    agent_os.serve(app="s3_media_storage:app", reload=True)
```

## Run the Example

<Steps>
  <Snippet file="create-venv-step.mdx" />

  <Step title="Install dependencies">
    ```bash theme={null}
    uv pip install -U "agno[os,s3]" botocore openai python-docx python-dotenv reportlab
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Export environment variables">
    <CodeGroup>
      ```bash Mac/Linux theme={null}
      export AGNO_FILE_OUTPUT_S3_BUCKET="your_agno_file_output_s3_bucket_here"
      export AWS_REGION="your_aws_region_here"
      export OPENAI_API_KEY="your_openai_api_key_here"
      ```

      ```bash Windows theme={null}
      $Env:AGNO_FILE_OUTPUT_S3_BUCKET="your_agno_file_output_s3_bucket_here"
      $Env:AWS_REGION="your_aws_region_here"
      $Env:OPENAI_API_KEY="your_openai_api_key_here"
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Configure AWS credentials">
    Configure the AWS SDK default credential chain with environment variables, a shared credentials file, or an IAM role.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Run the example">
    Save the code above as `s3_media_storage.py`, then run:

    ```bash theme={null}
    python s3_media_storage.py
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

Full source: [cookbook/05\_agent\_os/02\_databases/s3\_media\_storage.py](https://github.com/agno-agi/agno/blob/v3.0.4/cookbook/05_agent_os/02_databases/s3_media_storage.py)